Allergen: Insect Stings
Insect stings that most commonly cause allergic reactions:
Insects that are members of the Hymenoptera family most commonly cause allergic reactions. These include:
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Bees
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Wasps
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Hornets
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Yellow jackets
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Fire ants
Allergic reactions to insect stings:
Usually, the reaction is short-lived, with redness and swelling followed by pain and itching. Generally, the reaction lasts only a few hours, although some may last longer.
For other people, however, allergic reactions to these insect stings can be life threatening. This severe reaction is a medical emergency that can involve organ systems throughout the body. The reaction is called anaphylaxis and can include severe symptoms such as:
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Itching and hives over most of the body
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Swelling of the throat and tongue
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Difficulty in breathing and tightness in the chest
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Dizziness
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Headache
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Stomach cramps, nausea, or diarrhea
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Rapid fall in blood pressure
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Shock
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Loss of consciousness
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Hoarse voice or swelling of the tongue
Immediate medical attention is required.
Can insect stings be prevented?
Avoidance of insects is the best preventive measure. Suggestions include:
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When outdoors, be cautious of drinking from open soft drink cans. Stinging insects are attracted to them, and can crawl inside.
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Keep food covered when eating outdoors.
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Avoid sweet-smelling perfumes, hairsprays, and deodorants.
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Avoid wearing bright-colored clothing with flowery patterns.
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Avoid going barefoot, and wear closed-toe shoes when walking in grassy areas.
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When gardening, watch for nests in trees, shrubs, and flower beds.
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Other areas in which to use caution: swimming pools, woodpiles, under eaves of houses, and trash containers.
Treatment for insect stings:
Specific treatment for insect stings will be determined by your physician based on:
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Your age, overall health, and medical history
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Extent of the reaction
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Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
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Expectations for the course of the reaction
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Your opinion or preference
Suggestions for immediate treatment for highly-allergic people, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, include:
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When possible, immediately remove stinger, and scrape over the area with a fingernail. However, do not squeeze the area, which may force the venom into the body.
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An emergency treatment kit should be kept nearby at all times. Talk with your physician about what it should include.
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Seek emergency care as soon as possible.
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